Due to Qasim's profound distrust of the Iraqi Army, which he purposely failed to adequately arm (in fact, Qasim implemented a policy of ammunition rationing), Qasim's government was not able to subdue the insurrection. Summer and early autumn are virtually dry, and spring is fairly tepid. There are many rivers running through the region, which is distinguished by its fertile lands, plentiful water, and picturesque nature. Kurdistan on ajalooline kurdide asuala Lääne-Aasias. Il Kurdistan iracheno, ufficialmente Regione del Kurdistan, (in curdo: Herêma Kurdistanê), è un'entità federale autonoma nella parte settentrionale dell'Iraq che comprende i quattro governatorati a maggioranza curda di Dahuk (Dihok), Erbil (Hewlêr), Halabja (Helebce) e Sulaymaniyya (Silêmanî). Iranian Kurdistan or Eastern Kurdistan (Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی کوردستان ,Rojhilatê Kurdistanê ‎) is an unofficial name for the parts of northwestern Iran with either a majority or sizable population of Kurds.Geographically, it includes the West Azerbaijan Province, Kurdistan Province, Kermanshah Province, Ilam Province and parts of Lorestan Province. I curdi e i criteri per la definizione di popolo. Profili metodologici e primi findings di ricerca: oggetti di indagine, piano di osservazione e formulazione delle ipotesi. Even though autonomy had been agreed in 1970, local population enjoyed no particular democratic freedom denied to the rest of the country. [58] Elections held in June 1992 produced an inconclusive outcome, with the assembly divided almost equally between the two main parties and their allies. Following Nader's death in 1747, Ottoman suzerainty was reimposed, and in 1831, direct Ottoman rule was established which lasted until World War I, when the Ottomans were defeated by the British. The literal translation for Kurdistan is "Region of Kurds.”, "Kurdistan" was also formerly spelled Curdistan. A peace plan was announced in March 1970 and provided for broader Kurdish autonomy. There is a seasonal lag in some places in summer, with temperatures peaking around August and September. The first wave of the plan was carried out in 1982 when 8,000 Barzanis were arrested and their remains were returned to Kurdistan in 2008. Dopo la sconfitta dell'esercito iracheno nella prima guerra del Golfo, nel marzo 1991, vi furono rivolte contro il regime di Saddam Hussein in tutto l'Iraq, in particolare nelle regioni del sud, a maggioranza sciita, e nelle regioni del nord, abitate dai … At the same time, Iraq imposed an economic blockade over the region, reducing its oil and food supplies. The campaign also included Arabization of Kirkuk, a program to drive Kurds and other ethnic groups out of the oil-rich city and replace them with Arab settlers from central and southern Iraq.[56]. In his excursus on the Sasanian Empire, he describes Assyria in such a way that there is no mistaking he is talking about lower Mesopotamia (Amm. Il diritto all’autodeterminazione e il principio di integrità territoriale. [32][33][34][35] Later, the region was incorporated by the Romans as the Roman Assyria province but shortly retaken by the Sassanids who established the Satrap of Assuristan (Sassanid Assyria) in it until the Arab Islamic conquest. Under pressure from the Iraqi government and the British, the most influential leader of the clan, Mustafa Barzani was forced into exile in Iran in 1945. The taxation of this trade at the crossing point between Saddam's territory and Kurdish controlled territory and then into Turkey, along with associated service revenue, meant that whoever controlled Dohuk and Zakho had the potential to earn several million dollars a week. However, as of late 2015, no new Regions have been formed, and the KRG remains the only regional government within Iraq. [49] The agreement left the Kurds helpless and Tehran cut supplies to the Kurdish movement. This campaign failed in May 1966, when Barzani forces thoroughly defeated the Iraqi Army at the Battle of Mount Handrin, near Rawandiz. Between the 16th and 17th century the area nowadays known as Iraqi Kurdistan, (formerly ruled by three principalities of Baban, Badinan, and Soran) was continuously passed back and forth between archrivals the Safavids and the Ottomans, until the Ottomans managed to decisively seize power in the region starting from the mid 17th century through the Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39) and the resulting Treaty of Zuhab. Analisi qualitativa e comparata della democrazia in Rojava e nel Kurdistan iracheno. Vegetation in the region includes, Abies cilicica, Quercus calliprinos, Quercus brantii, Quercus infectoria, Quercus ithaburensis, Quercus macranthera, Cupressus sempervirens, Platanus orientalis, Pinus brutia, Juniperus foetidissima, Juniperus excelsa, Juniperus oxycedrus, Salix alba, Olea europaea, Ficus carica, Populus euphratica, Populus nigra, Crataegus monogyna, Crataegus azarolus, cherry plum, rose hips, pistachio trees, pear and Sorbus graeca. Ammianus Marcellinus, another fourth-century writer. Before the region was conquered by Arab Muslims in the 7th century AD, numerous Kurdish tribes and small Kurdish empires flourished.Islamic rule over the Kurdish homeland by the Ottoman Empire came to end after WWI, but the Iraqi Kurds, who had lived between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, were segmented into different countries a… "Iraq's Marshes Show Progress toward Recovery", "Climate: Arbil – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table", "Erbil Weather Forecast and Climate Information", "Introduction : GENOCIDE IN IRAQ: The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds (Human Rights Watch Report, 1993)", "Page 9 – The Internally Displaced People of Iraq", "Death Clouds: Saddam Hussein's Chemical War Against the Kurds", "Human Rights Watch Report About Anfal Campaign, 1993", "Iraqi Kurdistan: contours of a post-civil war society", "Kurds Reluctant to Send Troops to Baghdad", "Iraqi Kurdish leader says region will defend itself", "Two dead, 10 wounded after Iraqi, Kurdish forces clash in northern Iraq –, "Kurdish Leader: We Will Vote For Independence Soon", "The tide is finally turning for the Kurds – Especially in Turkey", "Tensions mount between Baghdad and Kurdish region as Kurds seize oil fields", "Kurdish leaders are postponing plans for a referendum on independence and say they instead will devote their efforts to forging a new Iraqi government", "House Republican Wants To Work Around Baghdad, Arm the Kurds", "BBC News – Iraq conflict: Why Irbil matters", "Barzani: Time is ripe for referendum; Kurdish independence brings the region peace", "Barzani: Kurdistan will hold referendum before October", "Kurdistan will hold independence referendum in 2017, senior official", "Massive 'yes' vote in Iraqi Kurd independence referendum", "Iraqi forces seize oil city Kirkuk from Kurds in bold advance", "Iraq's Kurdistan says to respect court decision banning secession", Kurdistan’s Politicized Society Confronts a Sultanistic System (Carnegie Paper), Two-state solution (Iraqi–Kurdish negotiations), Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Kurdistan&oldid=992975456, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Kurdish-language text, Articles needing additional references from April 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 8 December 2020, at 03:21. In prehistoric times, the region was home to a Neanderthal culture such as has been found at the Shanidar Cave. It was ruled by the Akkadian Empire from 2334 BC until 2154 BC. A new constitution of Iraq was established in 2005, defining Iraq as a federalist state consisting of Regions and Governorates. Kurdish parties joined forces against the Iraqi government during the war in Spring 2003. In 1978 and 1979, 600 Kurdish villages were burned down and around 200,000 Kurds were deported to the other parts of the country. [73], In August 2014, the US began a campaign of airstrikes in Iraq, in part to protect Kurdish areas such as Erbil from the militants. [29] The Assyrians ruled the region from the 21st century BC. La regione confina con l'Iran a Est, con la Turchia a Nord, con la Siria a Ovest. Dal campo profughi di Erbil alla prima linea del fronte a pochi kilometri dal Califfato, i nostri reporter raccontano l'avanzata dell'Isis nel Kurdistan… Reportage dal Kurdistan iracheno on Vimeo Join With mediation by Algerian President Houari Boumediene, Iran and Iraq reached a comprehensive settlement in March 1975 known as the Algiers Pact. Following the unexpected death of Arif, whereupon he was replaced by his brother, Abdul Rahman Arif, the Iraqi government launched a last-ditch effort to defeat the Kurds. The plan also gave Kurds representation in government bodies, to be implemented in four years. On the other hand, Kurds remained dependent on the Iranian military support and could do little to strengthen their forces. 2016-11-28. The incursion, which lasted eight days, could have drawn the armed forces of Kurdistan into a broader regional war. For Assyria, he lists three major cities – Babylon, Ctesiphon and Seleucia (Amm. Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. In April 2012, the president of Iraq's semi-autonomous northern Kurdish region demanded that officials agree to their demands or face the prospect of secession from Baghdad by September 2012. The Tigris river enters Iraqi Kurdistan from Turkish Kurdistan. It took two years for the British to bring Kurdish areas into submission, while Shaikh Mahmud found refuge in an unknown location. The region is mountainous, and the borders that were drawn after WWI reflected divisions along these mountain lines. Most of the rain falls in winter and spring, and is usually heavy. It is one of the four parts of Kurdistan, which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Syria (Western Kurdistan), and northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan). 77 likes. For example, they celebrate Newroz as the new year day, which is celebrated on March 21. Mosul is 49 miles from Erbil, so the actual climate in Erbil can vary a bit. Marc. The remains of a dried-up lake dating back almost 20,000 years (late Pleistocene-early Holocene) have been discovered by the archaeologists of the University of Udine in the Dohuk region, in Iraqi Kurdistan. Ajalugu. Kurdystan (arab. Exporters/Importers trading with the Kurdistan region need to comply with the requirements of Kurdistan’s Consignment Based Conformity Assessment (CBCA) service which mandates that shipments require a Certificate of Conformity in order to clear … Nel Kurdistan iraniano sgorgano i quattro fiumi principali e il lago Urmia, con una superficie di circa 5.500 kmq e diverse dighe per la produzione di energia idroelettrica. [74], In February 2016, Kurdish president Barzani stated once again that "Now the time is ripe for the people of Kurdistan to decide their future through a referendum", supporting an independence referendum and citing similar referenda in Scotland, Catalonia and Quebec. Il Kurdistan iracheno rappresenta una delle zone più problematiche di tutta l’area, poiché il popolo curdo si è trovato sparso nei vari paesi limitrofi a seguito della divisione del Medio Oriente operata da Francia e Gran … In the Shade of a Tree: Religious Patterns in the Kurdistan Region from Late Antiquity to Modern Times Gianfilippo Terribili - Sapienza University of Rome Camilla Insom - L’Orientale University of Naples MAIKI (Missione Archeologica Italiana in Kurdistan Iracheno – DiSA Sapienza) [8][9] One of the ancient names of Kurdistan is Corduene.[10][11]. Meanwhile, during 1959–1960, Barzani became the head of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), which was granted legal status in 1960. Duhok has the hottest summers in the region, with highs averaging around 42 °C (108 °F). [44][45] Recognizing the futility of continuing this campaign, Rahamn Arif announced a 12-point peace program in June 1966, which was not implemented due to the overthrow of Rahman Arif in a 1968 coup by the Baath Party. کردستان – Kurdistān, kurd. One of the major Assyrian cities in the area, Erbil (Arba-Ilu), was noted for its distinctive cult of Ishtar,[28] and the city was called "the Lady of Ishtar" by its Assyrian inhabitants. In November 1963, after considerable infighting amongst the civilian and military wings of the Ba'athists, they were ousted by Abdul Salam Arif in a coup. Did we miss something? Regional autonomy had originally been established in 1970 with the creation of the Kurdish Autonomous Region following the agreement of an Autonomy Accord between the government of Iraq and leaders of the Iraqi Kurdish community. The earliest neolithic site in Kurdistan is at Tell Hassuna, the centre of the Hassuna culture, circa 6000 BC. Viaggio nel Kurdistan iracheno. It is the first day of the month of Xakelêwe in Kurdish calendar and the first day of spring. [68], As of 2014, Iraqi Kurdistan is in dispute with the Federal Iraqi government on the issues of territorial control, export of oil and budget distribution and is functioning largely outside Baghdad's control. Processo di democratizzazione del Rojava siriano e del Kurdistan iracheno. Iraqi Kurdistan Kurdistan refers to portions of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria, however only the Iraqi region of Kurdistan is discussed here. By February 1961, Barzani had successfully defeated the pro-government forces and consolidated his position as leader of the Kurds. 15). In late 1931, Ahmed Barzani initiated a Kurdish rebellion against Iraq, and though defeated within several months, the movement gained a major importance in the Kurdish struggle later on, creating the ground for such a notable Kurdish rebel as Mustafa Barzani. [71], In September, Kurdish leaders decided to postpone the referendum so as to focus on the fight against ISIL. There are also several smaller lakes, such as Darbandikhan Lake and Duhok Lake. Praegu jääb Türgi, Iraagi, Iraani ja Süüria aladele. stân) is Persian for region. 23) – whereas he refers to Adiabene as. The severe economic hardships caused by the embargoes fueled tensions between the two dominant political parties, the KDP and the PUK, over control of trade routes and resources. In 1929, the Barzani demanded the formation of a Kurdish province in northern Iraq. However, relations have been improved since then, and Turkey now has the largest share of foreign investment in Kurdistan. The map was built with Google Maps and highlights cities that have historically been inhabited by large Kurdish populations. A People Without A Home. Please check your email inbox to confirm your sign-up request. [51], The campaigns took place during the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, being largely motivated by the Kurdish–Arab ethnic and political conflict. Prior to the rule of king Ushpia circa 2030 BC, the city of Ashur appears to have been a regional administrative center of the Akkadian Empire, implicated by Nuzi tablets,[26] subject to their fellow Akkadian Sargon and his successors.[27]. Barzani went to Iran with many of his supporters. Bloody clashes between Iraqi forces and Kurdish troops continued and, after an uneasy and shaky balance of power was reached, the Iraqi government fully withdrew its military and other personnel from the region in October 1991 allowing Iraqi Kurdistan to function de facto independently. The region became a center of the Assyrian Church of the East and a flourishing Syriac literary tradition during Sassanid rule.[36][37][38]. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. La remedial secession e la earned sovereignty: il caso del Kurdistan iracheno. Winning team of football tournament, May 2017, Domiz 2 camp, Duhok, Kurdistan Region - Iraq. However, defiant to the British, in 1922 Shaikh Mahmoud declared a Kurdish Kingdom with himself as king. 4-set-2017 - Esplora la bacheca "Erbil Citadel" di su Pinterest. (2013). Visualizza altre idee su kurdistan, iraq, pianificazione urbana. This was not received well in Baghdad, and as a result, Qasim began to prepare for a military offensive against the north to return government control of the region. إقليم كردستان – Iqlīmi Kurdistān, kurd. Southern Kurdistan is largely mountainous, with the highest point being a 3,611 m (11,847 ft) point known locally as Cheekha Dar ("black tent").